This can be really convenient, for example to never run some tests in a certain production like or sensitive environment. Just like yaml, you may occasionally need to convert a string which happens to be in CSV form into JSON, and this can be done via the csv keyword. } By default, Karate will load all *.feature files from sub-directories as well. Raw Blame. Here is an . In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. This report is useful for troubleshooting and debugging a test because all requests and responses are shown in-line with the steps, along with error messages and the output of print statements. Background: We use it for defining variables that will be used in the particular .feature file and will be used by all the requests in the feature file. This means that as long as the token on file is valid, you can save time by not having to make the one or two HTTP calls needed to sign-in or create throw-away users in your SSO store. For convenience, some stats are logged to the console when execution completes, which should look something like this: The parallel runner will always run Feature-s in parallel. }, If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. Singapore, city-state located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, about 85 miles (137 kilometres) north of the Equator. In the case of the call of a JavaScript function, you can also pass a JSON array or a primitive (string, number, boolean) as the solitary argument, and the function implementation is expected to handle whatever is passed. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. A special case of embedded expressions can remove a JSON key (or XML element / attribute) if the expression evaluates to null. EDIT: Karate now supports being able to use a line-number, for e.g. And then you have two options. Instead of using call (or callonce) you are always free to call JavaScript functions normally and then you can use more than one argument. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. { "roomInformation": [{ "roomPrice": 679.79}], "totalPrice": 679.79 } You can call send() on the returned object to send a message. Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. Note that forcing Scenario-s to run in a particular sequence is an anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible. get metadata about the currently executing feature within a test, functional-style filter operation useful to filter list-like objects (e.g. Why is there a voltage on my HDMI and coaxial cables? Observe how the value of the field being validated (or self) is injected into the underscore expression variable: _. e.g. In the feature below, the * print 'in setup' step will run only once. EDIT: Karate now supports being able to use a line-number, for e.g. Expressions are evaluated using the embedded JavaScript engine. a password) into a test. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. You can easily do this via karate.set('someVarName', value). Karate is even able to ignore fields you choose - which is very useful when you want to handle server-side dynamically generated fields such as UUID-s, time-stamps, security-tokens and the like. Also note that you dont use @Karate.Test for the method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @Test annotation. This approach can certainly enable product-owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and even collaborate on test-scenarios and scripts. Karate also has built-in support for websocket that is based on the async capability and the listen keyword. Karate uses LOGBack which looks for a file called logback-test.xml on the classpath. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). You can imagine how you could evolve a nice set of utilities that validate all your domain objects. If you place it above the Feature keyword, it will apply to all Scenario-s. And if you just want one or two Scenario-s to NOT run in parallel, you can place this tag above only those Scenario-s. See example. Also refer to the eval keyword for a simpler way to execute arbitrary JavaScript that can be useful in some situations. Paste the raw json in it and Save it. An advanced option is where the scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function. This applies to JS functions as well: These heavily commented demo examples can help you understand shared scope better, and are designed to get you started with creating re-usable sign-in or authentication flows: Once you get comfortable with Karate, you can consider moving your authentication flow into a global one-time flow using karate.callSingle(), think of it as callonce on steroids. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. One way to define test-suites in Karate is to have a JUnit class at a level above (in terms of folder hierarchy) all the *.feature files in your project. All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. Singapore | Facts, Geography, History, & Points of Interest You would typically use these to simulate a user sign-in and then grab a security token from the response. The first four below are best explained in this example file: type-conv.feature. REST API request testing. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. This comes in useful . Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. Now I can dynamically able to select the list of features at run time :) Regarding the karate.abort() Now the result for the particular step is marked as 'SKIPPED', but the results for the steps below it still shown as 'PASSED'. Create a new job using the +Add new job link. For example: You can reset default settings by using the following short-cut: Since you can use configure any time within a test, you have control over which requests or steps you want to show / hide. It is a great example of how to effectively use the unique combination of Cucumber and JsonPath that Karate provides. It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. A JavaScript function or Karate expression at runtime has access to a utility object in a variable named: karate. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. Annotate the test with the . This is very close to how custom keywords work in other frameworks. if the name is "first": And if you use IntelliJ - you can right click and do the above. It begins with the Feature keyword, followed by the . Just write the url then base URL after that. You can choose between the string-placeholder style or directly refer to the variable foo (or even the whole row JSON as __row) in JSON-friendly expressions. Here is an example: testCompile 'com.intuit.karate:karate-junit5:1.3.1', systemProperty "karate.options", System.properties.getProperty("karate.options"), systemProperty "karate.env", System.properties.getProperty("karate.env"), "ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter", // don't waste time waiting for a connection or if servers don't respond within 5 seconds, # steps here are executed before each Scenario in this file, # variables defined here will be 'global' to all scenarios, # and will be re-initialized before every scenario, # assigning a number (you can use '*' instead of Given / When / Then). For details of scope and visibility of variables, see Script Structure. But you will never need to worry about this internal data-representation most of the time. The method signature of the assertTrue has flipped around a bit. JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. Multi-values are supported the way you would expect (e.g. It may be easier for you to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project with one command. Getting Started With Karate Test Framework for API - Software That Matters Note that the ? In situations where you start an (embedded) application server as part of the test set-up phase, a typical challenge is that the HTTP port may be determined at run-time. And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. In rare cases you may want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special tag @parallel=false can be used. physics It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. Being able to define and re-use JavaScript functions is a powerful capability of Karate. Or - if a call is made without an assignment, and if the function returns a map-like object, it will add each key-value pair returned as a new variable into the execution context. Note that #present and #notpresent only make sense when you are matching within a JSON or XML context or using a JsonPath or XPath on the left-hand-side. So if you have a Feature with multiple Scenario-s in it - they will execute in parallel, and even each Examples row in a Scenario Outline will do so ! This approach is indeed slightly more complicated than traditional *.properties files - but you need this complexity. name: 'John', Behaves the same way as the. You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. First the JavaScript file, basic-auth.js: And heres how it works in a test-script using the header keyword. So the only way to call this Scenario is by using the karate.setup() JS API. You can even create (or modify existing) JSON arrays by using multiple columns. This is for evaluating arbitrary JavaScript and you are advised to use this only as a last resort ! But one pattern that you should be aware of is that JSON is actually a great data-structure for looking up data. Name the file as javadsl.java and run using the command: jbang javadsl.java. In real-life scripts, you would typically also use this capability of Karate to configure headers where the specified JavaScript function uses the variables that result from a sign in to manipulate headers for all subsequent HTTP requests. Ex- headers. Here are some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out of the JSON below. So if you really wanted to assert that the HTTP response body is well-formed JSON or XML you can do this: Very rarely used - but you can get the Java system-time (for the current response) at the point when the HTTP request was initiated (the value of System.currentTimeMillis()) which can be used for detailed logging or custom framework / stats calculations. The csv and yaml types can be initialized in-line using the triple quote or docstring multi-line approach as shown here. Here is an example of using a CSV file as the request-body: Karate provides a flexible way to compare two images to determine if they are the same or similar. So you can compare 2 JSON (or XML) payloads if you wanted to: If you are wondering about the finer details of the match syntax, the Left-Hand-Side has to be either a. The first option using shared scope should be fine for most projects, but if you want to name space your functions, use isolated scope: You can even move commonly used routines into karate-config.js which means that they become global. This can be convenient if a particular call results in a huge response payload. 1 How to run a specific feature file in Karate? Any valid JavaScript expression that evaluates to a Truthy or Falsy value is expected after the #?. API tests are written using Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) Gherkin syntax. Click on Run the Workflow and Start. The above example can be made more simpler with the use of call (or callonce) without a def-assignment to a variable, and is the recommended pattern for implementing re-usable authentication setup flows. You can re-use the function you create across your whole project. Refer to JsonPath short-cuts for a detailed explanation. sorts the list using the provided custom function called for each item in the list (and the optional second argument is the item index) e.g. Note that this is not the best example of a skeleton Java / Maven project, as it is designed to be . Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. The karate-demo has an example showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature. REST-style path parameters. $ represents the response. All feature files should be in src/test/resources and create the Cucumber Runner class as CucumberRunnerTest. """, * configure imageComparison = { onShowRebase, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Show config` button, """ Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. In some rare cases where you dont want to auto-convert JSON, XML, YAML or CSV, and just get the raw string content (without having to re-name the file to end with .txt) - you can use the karate.readAsString() API. It is the opinion of the author of Karate that true BDD is un-necessary over-kill for API testing, and this is explained more in this answer on Stack Overflow. This is a core feature and does not depend on JUnit, Maven or Gradle. These are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you access to the HTTP response. _ >= 0', intuit. It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. karate.appendTo(keys, x); You can always directly access the variable called responseHeaders if you wanted to do more checks, but you typically wont need to. You can if you want to, but since only JsonPath (on variables) is allowed here, Karate ignores the $ and looks only at the variable name. The @setup tag is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ignore. Refer to conditional logic for more ideas. You can imagine how this greatly simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions. My karate config file is calling a feature file which in turn is calling a JAVA file to get the user name of machine to set some conditions. Keep in mind that you should be able to comment-out a Scenario or skip some via tags without impacting any others. And if you need multiple functions, you can easily organize them into a single Java class with multiple static methods. odd: '#(oddSchema)', But again, you can return a JSON object. All tests are defined in *.feature files; For every feature file package, you need to have an empty test-class in the same package under src/test/java; Karate recommends to keep the *.feature files in the same folder as the test-class; The <build> section of the pom.xml needs a small tweak for this .. (Similar change needed in build.gradle file) Note how we unpack the kittens and use it to data drive the Scenario Outline. Notice that in the above example, string values within the table need to be enclosed in quotes. EXPR in the table above is an interesting one. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Karate provides its own DSL (Domain Specific Language), which uses a Gherkin-like language enabling one to write tests without programming knowledge, and write tests in .feature files. Difficulties with estimation of epsilon-delta limit proof. Run Test from Command Line. Refer to your IDE documentation for how to run a JUnit class. Since it is so easy to dive into Java-interop, Karate does not include any random-number functions, uuid generator or date / time utilities out of the box. !contains deep is not yet supported, please contribute code if you can. This provides the following methods: In any complex testing endeavor, you would find yourself needing common code that needs to be re-used across multiple test scripts. } Use either the param keyword, e.g. Modifying existing JSON and XML is natively supported by Karate via the set keyword, and replace is primarily intended for dealing with raw strings. Some users need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling feature. { function (config, downloadLatestFn) { See karate.callSingle(). "arr": [ If parsing fails, Karate will log a warning and the value of response will then be a plain string. for simulating check-boxes and multi-selects): You can also dynamically set multiple fields in one step using the form fields keyword. For example: And similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response. Also make sure that you complete the set up of things like url, param, header, configure etc. { More examples of Java interop and how to invoke custom code can be found in the section on Calling Java. Karate Framework for API Testing | Learn Automation The primary classes are described below. You can even retrieve operating-system environment variables via Java interop as follows: var systemPath = java.lang.System.getenv('PATH'); This decision to use JavaScript for config is influenced by years of experience with the set-up of complicated test-suites and fighting with Maven profiles, Maven resource-filtering and the XML-soup that somehow gets summoned by the Maven AntRun plugin. This implies that MantisBT issue is created in the bug tracker tool. How can we prove that the supernatural or paranormal doesn't exist? please replace RELEASE with the exact version of Karate you intend to use if applicable. var JavaDemo = Java.type('com.mycompany.JavaDemo'); Karate API automation | Cucumber Reporting | Parallel execution - Medium How to run a single scenario in Karate? - Stack Overflow Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. The special tag @report=false can be used, and it can even be used only for a single Scenario: In cases where you want to mask values which are sensitive from a security point of view from the output files, logs and HTML reports, you can implement the HttpLogModifier and tell Karate to use it via the configure keyword. There are two types of code that can be call-ed. A working example of calling a SOAP service can be found within the Karate project test-suite. To run a script *. A few points to note: Note that only variables and configuration settings will be passed. The name of the SOAP action specified is used as the SOAPAction header. The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, using your IDE. }] Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2. Calling a feature file from another file. id: 1, Note that if you need to do a lot of case-insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase() is what you are looking for. Either - it can be assigned to a variable like so. In rare cases, you may want to check what the type of the response is and it can be one of 3 different values: json, xml and string. count: '#number', Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. Karate provides a far more simpler and more powerful way than JSON-schema to validate the structure of a given payload. You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. Run Karate Test. rev2023.3.3.43278. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Here is an example of what is possible: Not something you would commonly use, but in some cases you need to disable Karates default behavior of attempting to parse anything that looks like JSON (or XML) when using multi-line / string expressions. #10, #15: There must be a structure expected as a response of the API. """, """ Also note that ; charset=UTF-8 would be appended to the Content-Type header that Karate sends by default, and in some rare cases, you may need to suppress this behavior completely. Just ensure that this is configured before you use karate.callSingle(): By default Karate will use target (or build) as the cache folder, which you can over-ride by adding a dir key: This caching behavior will work only if the result of karate.callSingle() is a JSON-like object, and any JS functions or Java objects mixed in will be lost. Here is a recap of symbols that can be used in JSON embedded expressions: There is a shortcut for match each explained in the next section that can be quite useful, especially for in-line schema-like validations. name: 'Billie', A common use case is to mix API-calls into a larger test-suite, for example a Selenium or WebDriver UI test. But this totally makes sense for things not part of the main test flow and which typically need to be re-usable anyway. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. Prefer classpath: when a file is expected to be heavily re-used all across your project. There are two things that can happen to the returned value. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This is perfect for those cases where it really doesnt make sense - for example the Background section or when you use the def or set syntax. Note that karate.signal() (described as part of the listen keyword) will be called internally and the listenResult will be the payload contents of the selected message. Make sure you configure your source code management system (e.g. And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. The listenResult magic variable will hold the value passed to the call to karate.signal(). When you have a runner class in place, it would be possible to run it from the command-line as well. For convenience, you can have multiple expressions separated by commas, so this is the recommended pattern: Similar to assert, the expressions on the right-hand-side of a print have to be valid JavaScript. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. How to declare variable in karate? - Technical-QA.com It is also possible to invoke a feature file via a Java API which can be useful in some test-automation situations. For this, Cucumber has already provided a way to organize your scenario execution by using tags in feature file. Type the following commands: mvn spring-boot:run & mvn test -Dtest=KarateTests. {2}', id: '#uuid' }, # convenient (and recommended) way to check for array length, # here we enclose in round-brackets to preserve the optional embedded expression, # so that it can be used later in a "match", """ This is useful when you ship a JAR file containing re-usable features and JavaScript / Java code and want to default a few variables that teams can inherit from. Technical Info #Pack-BIP ID: BIP-Walk-Pack. """, Then match each json.hotels contains { totalPrice, #? For example: While the tag does not need to be in the @key=value form, it is recommended for readability when you start getting into the business of giving meaningful names to your Scenario-s. The not equals operator != works as you would expect: You typically will never need to use the != (not-equals) operator ! Bob,Wild Step 4: Run this feature file and get the report in target > karate-reports > karate-summary.html. Also see first.feature and second.feature in the demos. If you are familiar with Cucumber / Gherkin, the big difference here is that you dont need to write extra glue code or Java step definitions ! Note that embedded expressions will be evaluated even when you read() from a JSON or XML file. You can easily select (double-click), copy and paste this file: URL into your browser address bar. feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. You can find a lot more references, tutorials and blog-posts in the wiki. Karate API Testing Tool Cheat Sheet - DevQA.io There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. To run a script *.feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. Format of the trustStore file. you can use pure JsonPath expressions (notice how this is different from the above), # and even append to json arrays (or create them automatically), # and for match - the order of keys does not matter, # you can ignore fields marked with '#ignore', # you can even set whole fragments of xml, """ *.feature files and JavaScript functions. to customize configuration output), Array of rectangles that should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. "b": 2, If you use the Maven tweak described earlier (recommended), the root of the classpath will be in the src/test/java folder, or else would be src/test/resources. For teams familiar with or currently using REST-assured, this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate. Alternatively, if using Gradle then add the following sourceSets definition. Note how we read as a string, but cast to JSON: If you want to use the triple-quote / multi-line way of defining JSON or if you have to use XML - you can use text and cast to JSON or XML as a second step - before using in a match: Karates match is strict, and the case where a JSON key exists but has a null value (#null) is considered different from the case where the key is not present at all (#notpresent) in the payload. You can use karate.abort() like so: Using karate.abort() will not fail the test. Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. for advanced users - scripts can introspect the tags that apply to the current scope, refer to this example: for even more advanced users - Karate natively supports tags in a, when you want to get the absolute OS path to the argument which could even have a prefix such as, converts a JSON string or map-like object into a Java object, given the Java class name as the second argument, refer to this, converts a JSON array (of objects) or a list-like object into a CSV string, writing this to a file is your responsibility or you could use, rarely used, when you need to pass a JS function to custom Java code, typically for, for advanced conditional logic when object types are dynamic and not known in advance, see, returns only the values of a map-like object (or itself if a list-like object), will wait until the URL is ready to accept HTTP connections, will wait until the host:port is ready to accept socket connections, the current iteration index (starts from 0) if being called in a loop, will be, Java knowledge is not required and even non-programmers can write tests, Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM, Based on the popular Cucumber / Gherkin standard - with, Eliminate the need for Java Beans or helper code to represent payloads and HTTP end-points, and, Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from, Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly, Express expected results as readable, well-formed JSON or XML, and, Embedded JavaScript engine that allows you to build a library of, Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is, Standard Java / Maven project structure, and, Reports include HTTP request and response, Easily invoke JDK classes, Java libraries, or re-use custom Java code if needed, for. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. { Heres a reminder that the #notpresent marker can be mixed into an equality match (==) to assert that some keys exist and at the same time ensure that some keys do not exist: The ! If you are behind a corporate proxy, or especially if your local Maven installation has been configured to point to a repository within your local network, the command below may not work.
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