Total loading time: 0 Dadabhoy held fellowships at the Folger in 2011 and 2016, and participated in a Folger NEH Summer Institute Shakespeare from the Globe to the Global in 2011. BOGAEV: This is really interesting because I want to step back now to the bigger picture. Different cultures have unique stereotypical beliefs towards PWS. So, how is it deployed and what does it connote, and what light does it shed on the topic were talking about today? Aristotle, Historia Animalium, translated by Richard Cresswell: And in all animals in which there is a distinction of the sexes nature has given a similar disposition to the males and to the females. But, a very racist city who would only allow Catholics to enter the city. So I think for me the play kind of presents the illusion of what a tolerant society might be, but its really about the danger of letting others into the familiar and intimate spaces of your society. We're at a moment in time when we need to do more than tolerate each other. But to treat of that which by natural understanding may be comprehended. The women of the Elizabethan era were given education only if they were members of the nobility. Different groups may have different cultures. Sometimes . Turns out, these two things don't always track together. The period with which we are concerned here - let us say the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries - is well known as one in which the amount of scientific information about the world increased dramatically. I would say that it has a lot to do with skin color. And a question that comes up a lot is this: When did the concept of race begin to appear? Marriage allowed them social status and children. Weve been engaged here at the Folger in a series of Critical Race Conversations. So how does Othello compare to these other productions? HAND Children are the Future. ; . Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues . Certainly, I dont think it was the first play to do so, but it was the play that really centered on Morocco, focused on presenting this Moorish villain character whose racial Blackness becomes that Blackness gives the reason for his villainy. I dont want to essentialize identity, but I think that for white scholars, if youve never had to think about race as a thing that you have to concern yourself with in your life, because you dont think about whiteness as being a raced category, then youre not going to have the tools to be able to even understand that race is in front of you when its just standing there. Garland Scott is the associate producer. BOGAEV: Yes, and colonialism and all of this stuff. In the Renaissance period England, like the rest of Europe, acquired modern-style maps; trade-contacts with Turkey and Russia became a commonplace feature of economic life; visitations of Red Indians, Eskimos, and Negroes, an influx of refugees from Europe, plantations in the New World, and knowledge of other European ventures of a similar kind - all this might seem to give the average Englishman of the early seventeenth century almost as much expertise in physical geography as is possessed by his modern counterpart. we find little evidence; and this very absence must be our starting-point. For commonly women are the most part of the forenoon painting themselves, and frizzing their hairs, and prying in their glass like Apes, to pranck up themselves in their gawdies, like Poppets, or like the Spider which weaves a fine web to hang the fly.". Children's experience of and attitudes towards bullying and So, is that the origins of racial thinking? Because Mediterranean slavery was still slavery and there was a lot of African slavery that was going through the Mediterranean, but often that form of slavery wasnt inheritable in the same way that the transatlantic program of enslavement becomes, right? BOGAEV: Yeah, and I think now were getting to this term that is so perfect, that Ive never heard anyone really say it this way that you use. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. So when the queen asks the lord mayor to deport the Blackamoors, its really directed at anyone Spanish, whether slave or not, and it has more to do with that animosity between the two countries than with actual skin color? In part, however, the Elizabethan Age was a success because men had at their disposal new and exciting areas, both of mind and geography, into which to channel their energies. . Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. They can have a powerful influence over behavior and affect how people act in various situations. whether this influence is linked to different cultural attitudes towards money or the institution al, legal, political and social context specific to each country. We know that it is an unfixable thing, and it is about power and domination. At the centre was Queen Elizabeth I, 'The Virgin Queen' and the latter part of . Her chapter in the Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race is called Barbarian Moors: Documenting Racial Formation in Early Modern England. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Race was published by Cambridge University Press in 2021. Marriage is another important domain to examine in the study of Renaissance conceptions of gender roles. July 06, 2017. The model summarized below, by Milton Bennett describes this journey from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism: . Yet, Shakespeare's plays were not originally conceived for other than performative ends4.Any reflexion on the introduction or use of his plays in cultural studies should therefore take live . 6 . They were probably people who were kidnapped from Africa, either themselves, or their ancestors might have been. "The Deceit of Women, Instruction and Example of all Men, Young and Old, Newly Corrected," 1560: Begins with a pictorial warning to husbands in a woodcut on the title-page presenting a woman astride her spouse, flogging him as he goes on all fours. Gender Roles in the Renaissance: Questions of Gender in Shakespeare's 2. Othello and Race I Relations in I - JSTOR Home You say its the, white way of knowing.. BOGAEV: Hes internalized, yes, those in power, their way of thinking of his own Blackness. Understanding different cultures is more than having an appreciation for our differences, but paving the way for a new world where we all stand together. But this is to reckon without the 'framework of assumptions'. please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. I think thats one really interesting thing that happens in this play too because, again, the kind of ambivalence that you point out, in terms of, there are multiple meanings that are being conveyed at the same time through the use of barbarian, kind of engenders a kind of racial incoherence already in the play. The Importance of Attitude in Cross-cultural Communication - LinkedIn The material she gathered for that chapter, and frankly, a large portion of her entire academic career, are based around the idea that students can and should be moved toward a new way of looking at concepts of race in the plays of Shakespeare and in all the writings of his contemporaries. People of color were called "savage.". (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. The example, influence, and reality of Jesus have provided a touch point for all Christian traditions. Home to the worlds largest Shakespeare collection, the Folger is dedicated to advancing knowledge and the arts. Shakespeare Lightning Round: Ambereen DadabhoyHead over to Instagram TV to learn which Shakespeare play is Dadabhoys favorite and which one she thinks is overrated. The Prince doth participate to them all, or so many of them as he shall think good, such legations anal messages as come from foreign Princes, such letters or occurrents [news] as be sent to himself or to his secretaries, and keepeth so many ambassades [messages] and letters sent unto him secret as he will, although these have particular oath of a councillor touching faith and secrets administered unto them when they be first admitted into that company. Elizabethan Attitudes to Love and Marriage The role of the husband is one of authority and . Common law vested control of property in the man, though dower, inheritance, and settlements gave many wives in the propertied classes some safeguards. . I mean such fathers of families as were the lineal heirs of those families whereof kings did originally come, for kings had their first original from them who planted and spread themselves in colonies through the world. BOGAEV: That is so interesting, that Shakespeares audiences would have some kind of familiarity with a population thats so diverse, in terms of Otherness, I guess: non-white. Shakespeare's Attitude Toward Race . The vestiges of these dispositions exist, as we may say, in all, but are more conspicuous in those which have the strongest moral habits, and most of all in mankind; for the nature of the human subject is the most complete, so that these habits appear more conspicuous in mankind than ir other animals. Let them negotiate and recommend and you're much more likely to be happy in marriage. It was edited by Gail Kern Paster. Differences in cultures have led to a diversity in the people from different parts of the world. Ben Lauer is the web producer. Yeah. Elizabethans and Foreigners (Chapter 4) - Shakespeare Survey BOGAEV: Its complicated. The social structure in Elizabethan England | The British Library View Test Prep - Question and Links from ENGL 1101 at Middle Georgia State University. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Comparing the sexual beliefs and customs of the inhabitants on the two different small islands of Inis Beag and Mangaia best demonstrates which of the following?, Sex education classes in most secondary schools in the United States do not cover the topic of, the authors of your text define human sexuality as and more. Are the foolish and wicked worthy of so extraordinary a favor, who, being the worst part of the world, should they be preferred before the rest? Including in the world of Shakespeare studies. Since the Spaniards based their claim to monopoly of the New World upon the right of prior discovery, the Elizabethans rejoined that Cabot had got to the . According to one source, "in the Elizabethan age, upwards of 80% of all books were purchased for and read by women" ("Elizabethan Women" 1). ELIZABETHAN BLACKNESS 5-18-21 [00:16:05]DADABHOY: I dont think its the origins of racial thinking, but I think its a very powerful example of how race is already being understood, operating in a shorthand that is legible to audiences. I tell them that its okay to come from a certain kind of position, but its also necessary then for us to think about the positions that we cant occupy and the blind spots that we might have. Although as I have said ordinarily and by the common law, the eldest son inheriteth all the lands, yet in some countries all the sons have equal portion, and that is called ganelkinde, and is in many places in Kent. Regarding differences, these were found in the prevalence of . Finally, the deaths associated with each plot and the attitudes toward death, especially suicide, provide students with different cultural orientations to life and its value in relation to honor and loyalty. To Be A Woman: Shakespeare's Patriarchal Viewpoint Now, when we talk about Atlantic slavery, we are talking about a related but also, kind of different kind and form of enslavement. This interesting culture dating back thousands of years has a great influence on philosophy, etiquette, art, and moral values. AMBEREEN DADABHOY: We actually know quite a bit about the Black people who were living in London during Shakespeares time. The first component is based on the knowledge we acquire and feel confident about the fact that we are educated on that subject and can present someone with the relevant information. Marriage: Early marriage was more common among the nobility and gentry than further down the social scale. And thats the point, right? It is the story of the relationship between God and the world, as told through the lens of Jesus Christ. In that period, the Spanish and the Portuguese, both being quite involved in the slave trade from the Atlantic into what Europeans called the New World. Theres this moment where at the end of the play where the new king says that Muly Hamet should be skinned and his skin should be displayed as a warning to those who might follow, right? Even the idea of objectivity: As a scholar I am just sort of a disembodied mind that is interpreting all of these things. From the Folger Shakespeare Library, this is Shakespeare Unlimited. I mean, it just requires really teaching this whole period differently, it seems. The arts, religion, and clothing helped create the unique culture of the Elizabethan Era. Let him show us his letters of privilege for so noble and so great a charge. What was the framework of assumptions concerning foreigners? Could you just fill us in and give us the thumbnail sketch? In war time, and in the field the Prince hath also absolute power, so that his word is a law, he may put to death, or to other bodily punishment, whom he shall think so to deserve, without process of law or form of judgment. Early Elizabethan England - Attitudes to poverty You say in your writing that the play is very short and very strange, but what you really get into is the way in which the word negro in the play conveys so much. Is one white and one not white? In fact, even the Medieval Church had reminded . In what ways Blackness working in concert with villainy, untrustworthiness, fit for servitude, But also a warning, right? Garland Scott is the associate producer. BOGAEV: When you were coming up in the academy, you know, when you were writing your dissertation, were you coming up against the old way of teaching Shakespeare? @kindle.com emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. I mean, does negro becomes the freighted word or a slur or a conflation of color into race? Certes, nothing finally, except some man would imagine eftsoons [soon afterward] Chaos, which of some is expounded a confused mixture. 4. Leonor Fernandez edits our transcripts. In fact, even the Medieval Church had reminded parents of their duty to consider their children's inclinations in marriage arrangements. It turns out, we should look back pretty far. DADABHOY: I think that many of us who work on Shakespeare and race, of course, think a lot about Othello. The Elizabethan era was different than the Medieval era in the way the insane were treated by the public. Thats also another reason why I think about this play so much, is because even if race wasnt relevant in the period or to this play, if I teach it right now, in the 21st century, it is relevant. I mean, he could have been drawn and quartered or any of the other nasty, nasty things. The Queen. DADABHOY: It really does. You can find more about the Folger at our website, folger.edu. And so those are the moments where we can put pressure and see how race is being mobilized to make it very clear that this is the villain and hes a villain because of his Blackness and his Africanness. The Spanish Armada Of 1588 : Queen Elizabeth and Philip II They dare not show their husbands; their best conscience Is not to leave't undone, but keep't unknown. The King of Portugal, Sebastian, and two Moroccan kings end up dying. Erin Meyer, professor at INSEAD, discusses management hierarchy and decision-making across cultures. Caliban And Elizabethan Colonialism In William | Bartleby One is the pretender to the throne and one is the legitimate king. What Are the Benefits of Understanding Different Cultures? - Les Elfes By what comparison from them to us doth he conclude the brutishness he ascribeth unto them? And, I mean, its complicated. So, in my recent article on The Battle of Alcazarthat is a play that predates Othello, and it really kind of was one that was really influential in showcasing Moors on the early modern stage. However, comparing The Tempest to European colonialist attitudes in the Elizabethan era provokes a 21st century audience to re . Explicit attitudes towards emotional expression of Chinese were stronger than that of European Americans, p < .001, d = 0.86, 95%CI[0.93, 0.37].Compared to European Americans, Chinese believed emotional expression was a less positive regulatory strategy. When I am playing with my cat, who knows whether she have more sport in dallying with me than I have in gaming with her? Plagiarism attitudes common across cultures - Yale Daily News BARBARA BOGAEV: Id like to start with talking about what the Black presence was in London in Shakespeares time. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org So we know that there was a considerable community of Black people who lived and worked and died in Shakespeares London in the early modern period. In the play hes called Muly Mahamet Seth or Muly Seth. The Elizabethan era is the epoch in English history marked by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). Iago's diabolical inference poisons Othello's mind, with tragic consequences. BOGAEV: Right, yes. This hath been some time used within the realm before any open war in sudden insurrections and rebellions, but that not allowed of wise and grave men, who in that their judgment had consideration of the consequence and example, as much as of the present necessity, especially, when by any means the punishment might have been done by order of law. Journal of African American Men In the play Othello, Shakespeare presents an African man who negates such stereotypical views. They have power to exalt low things and abase high things, and make of their subjects like men at the chess: a pawn to take a bishop or a knight, and to cry up or down any of their subjects, as they do their money. Semblably in birds, beasts, and fishes, some be good for the sustenance of man; some bear things profitable to sundry uses; other be apt to occupation and labor; in divers is strength and fierceness only; in many is both strength and commodity; some other serve for pleasure; none of them hath all these qualities; few have the more part or many, specially beauty, strength . But somehow scholars look at this play and argue that race and racism as we understand it are present in it because the term Moor is so inexact and ambiguous. But, Im thinking of that famous edict by the queen in 1601, to collect and deport Blackamoors from England. The water, which is somewhat consolidate and approacheth to corruption, is next unto the earth. The Elizabethan Era, during which Shakespeare lived and wrote, is also known for Sir Francis Drake's exploration of the "new world," the English defeat of the Spanish Armada (a naval campaign to invade and bring Roman Catholicism back to England), Sir Walter Raleigh's colonial exploration, the blossoming of theatre and poetry in England . The air, which next to the fire, is most pure in substance, is in the second sphere or place. This podcast episode, In the Old Age, Black Was Not Counted Fair, was produced by Richard Paul. DADABHOY: There is so much misinformation and theres also just thinking regionally, right? Right? Due to the research of scholars like Imtiaz Habib, whose Black Lives in the English Archives traces who these people were, where they lived, and really done a lot of that through court records and trying to figure out how early modern naming practices would have let us find out who might have been a Black person. This immediately implies Desdemona is her father's physical possession, much the same as Brabantio . In the early modern period, we had lots of forms of corporal punishment and, sort of, the display of the heads of traitors and things like that on the walls of the city. In the play Othello, Shakespeare presents an African man who negates such stereotypical views. Cross-cultural differences in explicit attitudes towards emotion regulation. Yes, exactly. Those things were quite common. So the Battle of Alcazar is this famous battle of Alccer Quibir, which is famous in Europe becauseand its called the Battle of Three Kingsbecause three kings end up dying in this battle. Then Cyprus represents being in that border region where one can potentially go native in a certain context. Elizabethan Era Gender Roles in Shakespeare Plays We had technical help from Andrew Feliciano at Voice Trax West in Studio City, California. Ben Lauer is the web producer, with help from Leonor Fernandez. elizabethan attitudes towards different cultures And lastly, kings are compared to the head of this microcosm of the body of man. In choosing to marry, women sacrificed any legal or constitutional rights as citizens. Marriage: Early marriage was more common among the nobility and gentry than further down the social scale. Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth. So, if Islamic characters are converting to Christianity or Black pagan characters are converting to Christianity, they might also be turning white, sometimes literally, in these romances, but other times just symbolically. The water above is kept and raineth down in due time an season. Race and Blackness in Elizabethan England, with Ambereen Dadabhoy Theyre transformed into other kinds of encounters now when weve traveled a couple of centuries forward. Throughout William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Caliban, as the native, is treated as an inferior by Prospero and Stephano, the colonists. As your awareness of culture increases, your attitude toward cultural difference likewise evolves. In Elizabethan England, there was fairly widespread belief that freedom of choice was a right among marriage partners. DADABHOY: Yeah. BOGAEV: Generation after generation of enslavement, yeah. Popular culture and the wider world - The Elizabethans overview - OCR B Also Christ saith, by his evangelist, that in the house of his father (which is God) be many mansions. Previous: Paul Edmondson onAll the Sonnets of Shakespeare| Next: Geoffrey Marsh on Shakespeares Neighbors. She is not talking about Spanish people in that edict, right? DADABHOY: Yes. Othello's tragedy transcends race and is based on a natural human weakness. Elizabethan Englishmen associated blackness with evil, death, and danger. Folger Shakespeare Library. There could be no mistaking who she was. the Elizabethan view of the New World. Thats proof that race, as we know it, people werent thinking that way back in that time. The elementary school years are a crucial period for addressing issues of prejudice and discrimination because they are a developmental phase, during which children's attitudes and beliefs about different groups are being . These would have been people who are in service to the Spanish and are racially distinct from Spanish people. Love's Labour's Lost - Cultural/Historical Influences - Cedar Crest College For where there is no right order, there reigneth all abuse, carnal liberty, enormity, sin, and Babylonical confusion. A lot of romances take place in the Holy Land. The Chinese. How does it shape or inform for instance our understanding, your understanding, of Othellos character? See we not plainly that obedience of creatures unto the law of nature is the stay of the whole world? would have been the same (or perhaps much more intense given their lack of understanding of . Attitudes are often the result of experience or upbringing. If youre not conversant with that work, then youre not going to understand that the things that youre identifying as not race are actually deeply connected to race. While attitudes are enduring, they can also change. As early as 1585, Philip had begun to prepare a great fleet that, under the command of Santa Cruz, would invade England. The types of attitude in psychology that is often stated are. When facing differences between the company and foreign cultures, different people have different attitudes which can be listed as being ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric. Transcript. Springer is one of the leading international scientific publishing companies, publishing over 1,200 journals and more than The Jews were not allowed . Elizabethan Era Women's Roles | Life, Education, Marriage So, Shakespearean audiences, then, already had exposure to, or thoughts along, these lines, and theyre getting it from different aspects of culture. I really love talking with you about this. How the elderly are treated around the world | The Week Hamlet and the Elizabethan Revenge Ethic in Text and Film BOGAEV: Youre talking about George Peeles play, The Battle of Alcazar, and it was from 1594. One of the things that I understand about how the geography works in informing Othellos construction is that were deep in the eastern Mediterranean with this play; so were moving from Venice to Cyprus. 1) How did the city of Venice treat people of different cultures and faiths? . How knoweth he by the virtue of his understanding the inward and secret motions of beasts?
William L Dickinson High School Staff,
Moon Mist Ice Cream Usa,
Articles E